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ITRANS Usage

The identifiers #gurmukhi and #endgurmukhi can to be used to encode Gurmukh $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ text in ITRANS.

Nuances

Many of the conventions of the Gurmukh $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ script have been hard-coded into the pun.ifm file. Some of these are illustrated below:

Geminate consonants in Gurmukh $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ are not written twice or with consonant conjuncts. Rather the first letter is dropped and only the second letter is written. A diacritic called addak is placed above the preceding letter, ie. $hatth\/$ hatth. As can be seen from the input transliteration, nothing special needs to be done to produce the addak in ITRANS; the IFM file is coded for geminate consonants. However, an addak may be explicitly encoded as .c, ie. $a.cdak\/$ a.cdak. Geminate consonants of the form unaspirated-unaspirated (ie. kk) and unaspirated-aspirated (ie. kkh) are accounted for.
When the geminate consonants are nn or mm, a sign called $\textrm{\d{t\/}}$ ipp $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ is used instead of addak, ie. lamm $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ $lammii\/$ lammii. $\textrm{\d{T\/}}$ ipp $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ is one of the nasalization diacritics. Again the addak is automatically produced by the IFM file.
The following is a list of geminated consonants supported in this IFM file: $\begin{multicols}{4} {\tt k} $+$\ {\tt ka} $=$\ ...$
Nasalization in Gurmukh $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ is indicated by two diacritics called $\textrm{\d{t\/}}$ ipp $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ and bi $\textrm{\d{m\/}}\kern.05em$ d $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ . I have coded these as .n and .N, respectively. In doing so I have redefined the character codes for anusv $\textrm{\={a\/}}$ ra and candrabindu in pun.ifm.
$\textrm{\d{T\/}}$ ipp $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ is used with the vowels a, i, and u, and with $\textrm{\={u\/}}$ when it is in word-final position, ie. $mu.nDaa\/$ mu.nDaa. Bi $\textrm{\d{m\/}}\kern.05em$ d $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ is used with all other vowels, ie. $shaa.Nt\/$ shaa.Nt.
A nasal and consonant when of the same class may either be encoded with the nasal class code or with $\textrm{\d{t\/}}$ ipp $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ .n. For example, a $\textrm{\.{n\/}}\kern.05em$ ga may either be encoded $aN^ga\/$ aN^ga or $a.nga\/$ a.nga. In either case, the IFM file will automatically handle and produce the correct output.
Consonant conjuncts are limited in Gurmukh $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ and are much simpler than those of Devan $\textrm{\={a\/}}$ gar $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ . I have completed some conjuncts, but I have still researching for a comprehensive list. Once I have included these in the IFM file then the file will be complete. The list of consonant conjunctions coded in the IFM is as follows:

$\begin{multicols}{5} {\tt k} + {\tt ra} $=$\ ...$

There are five consonants in Old Pañj $\textrm{\={a\/}}$ b $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ which are actually conjunct consonants. These are the voiced aspirate (breathy voice) consonants given below. I have accounted for them in the IFM file.

$\begin{tabular}{\vert ll\vert ll\vert ll\vert ll\vert ll\vert} \hline \multicolu... ...ian vha ...$
Vowel-bearers are null characters which are modified with diacritics to form the vowels. The vowel bearers are u ${\pun \lq \char117}$ for back vowels, a ${\pun \lq \char97}$ for low vowels, and i ${\pun \lq \char101}$ for front vowels. I could not account for these in the IFM file so they had to be accessed directly through character codes from the pun font. The codes are u, a, and i, respectively. Perhaps Avinash Chopde could account for them if it is decided that Gurmukh $\textrm{\={\i\/}}\kern.15em$ will be made a part of ITRANS. Suggested input for the vowel-bearers are `a, `u, and `i.

Variations

The m $\textrm{\={a\/}}$ tr $\textrm{\={a\/}}$ for $au\/$ au is sometimes not written. A word like $augaNu\/$ augaNu may be written alternately as $a_ugaNu\/$ a_ugaNu.

Next: Examples Up: pundoc.itx (ITRANS doc) Previous: Fonts

2009-12-04
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